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During the next four years, on somewhat secretive missions, Adriaen Block explored and mapped the coast along Delaware, New Jersey, Long Island, and New England, naming it for the first time New Netherlands.
Between and , three Dutchmen, Adriaen Block, H. Christiaensen and C. Mey surveyed land between the 40th and 45th parallels along the Atlantic coast and named the area they surveyed New Netherlands. Initially, small out-posts were built for the fur trade. In May , from a ship under the command of Cornelius Jacobsen Mey after whom Cape May is named thirty families were required to spread themselves throughout the region including Fort Wilhelmus. The last was on the east bank of the Delaware River , [6] the site of the first European settlement in what would become New Jersey.
Later another was built at Fort Nassau. Located at Paulus Hook it was part of the patroonship Pavonia , named in Latinized form for Micheal Pauw [8] who had bought the tract from the Lenape. At the time it was the territory of the Unami, or Turtle Clan.
In , Director-General of New Netherland Peter Stuyvesant "re-purchased" the entire peninsula known as Bergen Neck , and in granted a charter to the village at Bergen , establishing the oldest municipality in the state.
The British take-over in was formalized in , ending the province of the New Netherland, though the North Jersey would retain a "Dutch" character for many years to come. Part of southwestern New Jersey was settled by the Swedes by the midth century. Led by Printz, the settlement extended north from Fort Christina on both sides of the Delaware River. Printz helped to improve the military and commercial status of the colony by constructing Fort Nya Elfsborg , near present-day Salem on the east side of the Delaware River.
This action prevented the river from being easily taken by the English and Dutch, who were also trying to expand into the New World. The Swedish and Finnish colonists generally lived in peace with their Dutch and Lenape neighbors. New Sweden's colonial population may have peaked at people in , after being boosted by more than people along with new governor Johan Rising. This was not enough to stave off Dutch soldiers the next year, however. From the colony of New Netherland, the Dutch interfered with Britain's transatlantic trade with its North American colonies.
In September , a British fleet under Nicolls' command sailed into what is now New York Harbor and seized the colony. The British encountered little resistance, perhaps due to the unpopularity of the Dutch governor, Peter Stuyvesant. New Netherland west of the Hudson River was renamed New Jersey after the English Channel Island of Jersey which Charles II of England , after having seen their loyalty to the crown, gave to the people of Jersey as a reward for having given him hospitality in the castle of Mont Orgueil before he was proclaimed king in The two proprietors of New Jersey tried to entice more settlers to New Jersey by granting land to settlers and by passing Concession and Agreement , a document granting religious freedom to all inhabitants of New Jersey; the British Church of England allowed no such religious freedom.
In return for land, settlers paid annual fees known as quitrents. The proprietors appointed Philip Carteret as the first governor of New Jersey, who designated Elizabethtown as the colony's capital. This sale divided the province into East Jersey and West Jersey. However, the line was constantly the subject of disputes. With the Quintipartite Deed more accurate surveys and maps were made resulting in the Thornton Line , drawn around , and the Lawrence Line , drawn around , which was adopted as the final line for legal purposes.
Many of the colonists of New Jersey became farmers. However, despite the fertility of the soil, farmers were forced to struggle due to the dearth of English money. Some owned slaves or had indentured servants work for them.
The majority of the colonists lived in simple log cabins, coming from the original Dutch settlers. Since New Jersey was ideally located next to the Atlantic Ocean, colonists farmed, fished, and traded by sea. Transportation was slow and difficult usually on either foot or horseback. Education came through small religious schools, private academies, or tutors.
Edward Hyde , Lord Cornbury became the first governor of the colony as a royal colony. Lord Cornbury was an ineffective and corrupt ruler, taking bribes and speculating on land, so in he was recalled to England. New Jersey was then ruled by the governors of New York, but this infuriated the settlers of New Jersey, who accused those governors of favoritism to New York.
In , the school moved to Princeton. New Jersey was one of the original thirteen colonies that joined in the struggle for independence from Great Britain. Many of the New Jersey settlers still felt ties of loyalty to the British crown , and many slaves sided with the British in exchange for freedom.
On July 2, , the first Constitution of New Jersey was drafted, creating a basic framework for the state government.
The New Jersey Constitution of allowed "all inhabitants of this Colony, of full age, who are worth fifty pounds proclamation money" to vote, including non-whites and widows; married women could not own property under the common law.
The Constitution declared itself temporary and to be void if there was reconciliation with Great Britain. The right to vote was restricted to white males in Only two days after the new constitution was enacted, on July 4, , the Declaration of Independence was endorsed by five representatives from New Jersey.
New Jersey is referred to as the "Crossroads of the Revolution" because the British and Continental armies fought several crucial battles there. The Battles of Trenton and Princeton are collectively referred to as the Ten Crucial Days because these desperately needed victories bolstered the morale of the nation. In the Battle of Trenton which followed the crossing, the American soldiers surprised the Hessians , capturing nearly prisoners in 90 minutes and taking supplies that had been meant for the British army.
After recapturing Trenton, he ordered charges on fortified defenses at Assunpink Creek. The Americans inflicted heavy casualties on the British from their defenses. Later, the Continental army slipped past Cornwallis's stalled army and launched an attack on British soldiers stationed at Princeton in the Battle of Princeton on January 3, The British at Princeton were forced to surrender.
Cornwallis immediately ordered his army to engage the Americans at Princeton, but was prevented by snipers. These victories forced the British to leave New Jersey. Washington hoped to surprise and overwhelm the rear of the British army. General Charles Lee led the American attack on the British rear but retreated prematurely when the British attempted to flank the Americans.
The retreat nearly led to disorder, but Washington managed to rally the troops to withstand two British counter-attacks, both of which failed. After the battle, Charles Lee was court-martialed for his poor command. Over 1, British casualties were incurred while the Americans lost men. It was during this battle that the legendary " Molly Pitcher " is said to have fought. The last major battle to take place in New Jersey during the Revolutionary War and for the rest of the history of New Jersey was the Battle of Springfield.
Baron von Knyphausen , the Hessian general, hoped to invade New Jersey and expected support from colonists of New Jersey who were tired of the war. He hoped to secure Hobart Gap , from which he could attack the American headquarters in Morristown.
On June 23, , the British attacked soldiers under the command of Nathanael Greene. General Greene successfully stopped a two-pronged attack from entrenchments held across the Raritan River , preventing the British invasion. New Jersey ratified and then signed the Articles of Confederation on November 26, It had originally convened in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania , but mutinous troops prevented the meeting from taking place. Princeton became the temporary capital for the nation for four months.
During the brief stay in Princeton, the Continental Congress was informed of the end of the war by the signing of the Treaty of Paris on September 3, New Jersey played a major role in creating the structure of the new United States Government.
When Virginia delegates proposed a plan calling for representation based on the population of each state, the smaller states refused, fearing that with such a plan they would no longer have a say in government affairs. William Paterson , a New Jersey statesman, introduced the New Jersey Plan , by which one vote would be given to each state, providing equal representation within the legislative body.
The Great Compromise accepted both plans, creating two separate bodies in the Congress. The economy of New Jersey was largely based on agriculture, but crop failures and poor soil plagued the settlers of New Jersey. However, New Jersey eventually funded publications in the early s of accurate agriculture-related surveys through the effort of George Hammell Cook. The publication of this survey helped to increase the state's involvement in agricultural research and direct support to farmers.
Paterson became the cradle of the Industrial Revolution in America. Energy was harnessed from the 77 feet 23 m high Great Falls of the Passaic River. The city became an important site for mills and other industries.
These include the textile, firearms, silk, and railroad locomotive manufacturing industries. Because of its high silk production, it became nicknamed the "Silk City". In , Samuel Colt began producing firearms in the city. The second version of the New Jersey State Constitution was written in The constitution provided suffrage only to white males, removing it from all women and from people of other races.
Suffrage had been awarded to those groups under the original New Jersey State Constitution of Some important components of the second State Constitution include the separation of the powers of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The new constitution also provided a bill of rights. Underneath the constitution, the people had the right to elect the governor. The famous inventor Thomas Edison was born in Edison worked in Menlo Park , and was known as "the Wizard of Menlo Park" for his many inventions; over the course of his life, he was granted 1, patents.
He also is credited with improving the designs of the incandescent light bulb, radio, the telegraph, and the telephone. He started the Motion Picture Patents Company.
The agricultural products from New Jersey usually were transported to larger markets in New York City and Philadelphia, requiring better transportation.
The first ocean-going steamboat went from Hoboken, New Jersey , sailed around southern New Jersey, and ended in Philadelphia. Locomotion was also improved; Hoboken-born inventor John Stevens built a ton locomotive and his son Robert L. Stevens started constructing iron railroads. Through the s, over a dozen companies were operating railroad lines.
Historians have examined the emergence of the Second Party System at the state and local level. For example Bruce Bendler argues that in New Jersey the same dramatic changes that were reshaping the rest of the country were especially pointed in that state in the s. A new political system emerged by the end of the decade as voters polarized in support or opposition to Jackson. By the mids the Democrats and the Whigs had fully mobilize practically all of the voters into pro-and anti—Jackson coalitions.
Furthermore the " Market Revolution " was well underway, as industrialization and upgraded transportation networks made the larger picture more important than the local economy, and entrepreneurs and politicians became leaders in speeding up the changes. Jeffers of Salem County, New Jersey, build his political success on leadership with the Jacksonian forces at the local level, while at the same time building his fortune with a bank charter and building a steam mill.
During the Mexican—American War , a battalion of volunteers from New Jersey, in four companies, was active from September to July After the war, Kearny made his home in the state of New Jersey. The Quaker population was especially intolerant of slavery, and the state was a major part of the Underground Railroad.
The New Jersey legislature passed an act for the gradual abolition of slavery in , providing that no person born after that date would be a slave. In New Jersey declared itself an independent state and joined the colonial side in the Revolutionary War.
New Jersey was an important state during the Revolutionary War because of its location near the center of the thirteen colonies and between New York City and Philadelphia. Because of this, more battles were fought in New Jersey than in any other state. The Americans and British fought battles, both large and small, here. Many people consider the Battle of Trenton to be the turning point of the Revolution.
Washington and his troops spent the rest of the winter in Morristown, and the United States was well on its way to victory. They thought no one would fight during winter, so the British and Hessian soldiers in New Jersey divided into camps to stay until spring. Trenton was considered the most desirable post, and it went to the Hessian soldiers as a reward for their good service.
The Hessians used the Old Barracks in Trenton as a headquarters. The British didn't chase Washington across the Delaware River because it was full of blocks of ice that made it dangerous to cross. The Hessians didn't patrol along the river because they thought Washington couldn't cross back. But in December, Washington and his men decided to cross. Washington's men had to push away blocks of ice from the boat's path while paddling hard to fight the strong current.
Once across, Washington decided to separate and surprise the Hessians in Trenton from two sides. The plan worked, and the patriots captured prisoners while only four American soldiers were wounded. In , New Jersey became the third state to ratify the U. Constitution and the first state to sign the Bill of Rights.
In , Trenton officially became the state capital of New Jersey. William Livingston became New Jersey's first state governor. New Jersey grew and prospered during the early s.
New factories sprung up throughout the state. Paterson became a textile center and later became known for producing trains and silk. Trenton produced clay products, iron, and steel. Camden, Elizabeth, Jersey City, Newark, and Passaic all became major manufacturing centers in the s. New canals and railroads helped industry grow.
Europeans came by the thousands to New Jersey to work in the factories. South Jersey remained rural for the most part, growing the crops to feed the urban areas nearby. Railroads were important in helping the South Jersey seashore areas expand.
Mason received a land grant for what would become New Hampshire in New Jersey, the third state to join the Union, was named for the island of Jersey in the English Channel in honor of Sir George Carteret, one of the two men to whom the land that would become New Jersey was originally given. The origin of the world "Mexico" is from the Aztec word meaning "place of Mexitli," which is an Aztec god.
Other possible origins include a combination of metztli "moon" , xictli "center" and the suffix -co "place" and means "place at the center of the moon. The name was anglicized after the area was turned over to the U. There had been a settlement called York in England since before the Romans invaded England. The word York comes from the Latin word for city.
No mystery as to how the Tar Heel State got its name. Carolina would eventually be divided into two colonies, North and South Carolina, in Both North and South Dakota get their name from the Sioux word for "friend" or "ally," though there is no definitive detail for this origin. There are several Native American name possibilities for Ohio. One suggests that the name "Ohio" originates from the Iroquois word for "good river. The Sooner State's name comes from the Choctaw people's words "okla humma," which roughly means "red people" or "red persons.
The origin of the state name is up for debate with a number of possible origins. The name "Oregon" might have been derived from a French map that references the Wisconsin River as "Ouaricon-sint. If you remember your high school Latin, then it's easy to deconstruct the name "Pennsylvania, meaning "Penn's woods" or "Penn's land. The "sylvania" suffix is derived from the Latin word for forest, which is sylva. The origin of Rhode Island's name harks back to the Old World.
The first mention of Rhode Island in writing was by Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano in the early 16th century. He referred to an island near the mouth of Narragansett Bay that he compared to the Island of Rhodes in the Mediterranean. Still, others connect the name to 17th century Dutch explorer Adriaen Block, who called it "Roodt Eylandt," meaning "red island" because of its red clay.
Both North and South Dakota get their name from the Sioux word for "friend" or "ally," though there is no definitive proof for this origin. The name "Tennessee" may have come from Creek and Cherokee words, but it is uncertain where the Volunteer State got its name.
Spanish explorer Juan Pardo first recorded the name in as he and his soldiers passed through a Cherokee village called "Tanasqui. In time, the word came to refer to the area north of the Rio Grande and east of New Mexico.
Utah owes its origin to an Apache Indian word, "yuttahih," that means "people of the mountains" or "they who are higher up. The state of Washington was named in honor of George Washington and is the only state named after the the nation's first president, or any U. West Virginia split from Virginia when the 39 western counties of Virginia refused to secede from the Union during the Civil War. West Virginia came into being in For Virginia's name origin please look up Virginia on our list.
– History of New Jersey – Wikipedia
New Brunswick, New Jersey – George II of Great Britain (also Duke of Brunswick). New Orleans, Louisiana – Philippe II, Duke of Orléans. New York City – The. He could have chosen from any of his four names – Charles Philip Arthur George. He is not the only one who faces a change of title. Prince. In the s, Charles II of England, the Prince of Wales, was granted sanctuary on the Island of Jersey during the war. Following his father's.